where R denotes the mean radius of the Earth. The geocentric latitude θ is the complement of the polar angle θ′ in conventional spherical polar coordinates in which the coordinates of a point are P(r,θ′,λ) where r is the distance of P from the centre O, θ′ is the angle between the radius vector and the polar axis and λ is longitude. The shortest line between two points on the Earth's surface is always the arc of a Great Circle.

The length of 1 minute of latitude is 1.853 km (1.151 statute miles) (1.00 nautical miles), while the length of 1 second of latitude is 30.8 m or 101 feet (see nautical mile). The Tropic of Capricorn is the latitude that lies at 23° 26′ South of the Equator. Such series are presented by Adams who uses Taylor series expansions and gives coefficients in terms of the eccentricity. The graticule on the ellipsoid is constructed in exactly the same way as on the sphere. This line is also known as the Prime Meridian. This height differs from the height above the geoid or a reference height such as that above mean sea level at a specified location.

Does Jerry Seinfeld have Parkinson's disease? What is the hink-pink for blue green moray? The terminology for latitude must be made more precise by distinguishing: The importance of specifying the reference datum may be illustrated by a simple example.

The other, more useful, approach is to express the auxiliary latitude as a series in terms of the geodetic latitude and then invert the series by the method of Lagrange reversion.

Southern Hemisphere locations, on the other hand, are on southern latitudes and are assigned a suffix of S for south.

Since there are many different reference ellipsoids, the precise latitude of a feature on the surface is not unique: this is stressed in the ISO standard which states that "without the full specification of the coordinate reference system, coordinates (that is latitude and longitude) are ambiguous at best and meaningless at worst". This happens during the June Solstice, when the Earth’s Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun. Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth. where M(φ) is the meridional radius of curvature. In addition to the Equator, there are four other major latitudes that are usually found on maps and globes. At 38 degrees North latitude: One degree of latitude equals approximately 364,000 feet (69 miles), one minute equals 6,068 feet (1.15 miles), and one-second equals 101 feet. Pagkakaiba ng pagsulat ng ulat at sulating pananaliksik? The relation of Cartesian and spherical polars is given in Spherical coordinate system. There are two methods of proceeding. The material on this site can not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with prior written permission of Multiply. Daylight Saving Time (DST) can mess with our body clock and can trigger underlying health issues. ), The Secret Science of Solving Crossword Puzzles, Racist Phrases to Remove From Your Mental Lexicon. ϕ Cartographers and geographers trace horizontal and vertical lines called latitudes and longitudes across Earth's surface to locate points on the globe. [​1⁄2, ​2⁄3, ​3⁄4, 1, 1] However, in order to measure the position of a location based on the longitude, cartographers and geographers over the course of history have designated different locations as the main longitudinal reference point. The transformation between geodetic and Cartesian coordinates may be found in Geographic coordinate conversion. Again, an online map can help you identify the precise number of seconds between each minute. The relation between the geocentric latitude (θ) and the geodetic latitude (φ) is derived in the above references as, The geodetic and geocentric latitudes are equal at the equator and at the poles but at other latitudes they differ by a few minutes of arc. [6], The geocentric latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and the radius from the centre to a point on the surface. Privacy & Terms, almost exactly 12 hour days and 12 hour nights. Since latitude is defined with respect to an ellipsoid, the position of a given point is different on each ellipsoid: one cannot exactly specify the latitude and longitude of a geographical feature without specifying the ellipsoid used. Ano ang mga kasabihan sa sa aking kababata? There are six auxiliary latitudes that have applications to special problems in geodesy, geophysics and the theory of map projections: Why don't libraries smell like bookstores?
This circle of latitude stretches through eight countries, including the United States, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. For finer accuracy, fractions of seconds given by a decimal point are used.

are there Characteristic of latitudes:-Latitude is the angular distance of a place north or south of the Equator. The relation of these different heights requires knowledge of the shape of the geoid and also the gravity field of the Earth. Latitude is a measurement on a globe or map of location north or south of the Equator.Technically, there are different kinds of latitude— geocentric, astronomical, and geographic (or geodetic)—but there are only minor differences between them.